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 Tacheometric surveying is a method of surveying in which the horizontal and vertical distances of relative points are determined without using any sophisticated instruments such as chain, tape, etc 5 Theodolite Surveying The theodolite is an instrument that is used to measure the horizontal and vertical angles It allows surveyors to "triangulate" the position of objects in aTriangulation is a surveying method that measures the angles in a triangle formed by three survey control points Using trigonometry and the measured length of just one side, the other distances in the triangle are calculated The shape of the triangles is important as there is a lot of inaccuracy in a long skinny triangle, but one with base angles of about 45 degrees is idealArithmetic check 1 Last RL – First RL = – = 0158 m 2 ∑BS – ∑FS = 7561 – 7719 = 0158 m 3 ∑Rise – ∑Fall = 4932 – 5090 =0158 m Hence checked Question no 3 The following readings were taken with a level and 4m staff having initial BM=100 m

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3 4 5 method in surveying-3Push the tripod legs firmly into the ground and use the central fixing screw to secure the instrument on the tripod 4Switch on the laser plummet (or, for older instruments, look through the optical plummet) and turn the footscrews so that the laser dot or the optical plummet is centred on the ground point (illustration, top right) 5Centre This 345 rule can be applied to do the layout of all types of structures like residential buildings, underground tanks, outhouses, etc If the corner of the site or plot is perpendicular to each other, you can use this method to complete the layout work All you need is a measuring tape & a lineout string

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 Different methods for the calculation of Areas in the field of Surveying In this article, we will list out different methods to calculate the areas in Surveying and also study each of the method in depth We will also explain each method with a suitable example for your better understanding Here are the five importantMeasuring tape , two (2) ranging poles , pegs, and three persons ( surveyors ) are required To build square corners with the 345 rule, first measure 3 units from the corner on 1 side Turn in a perpendicular direction from the first line and measure 4 units Then, measure the diagonal between the ends of your 2 lines If it measures 5 units, your corner is square If it's less than 5 units, your corner is less than 90 degrees;

BASIC SURVEYING THEORY AND PRACTICE Ninth Ann ual Semin ar Presented by the Oregon Department of Transportation Geometronics Unit February 15th 17th, 00 Bend, Oregon Table of Contents Types of Surveys 11 Review of Basic Trigonometry 21 Distance Measuring Chaining 31 Distance Measuring Electronic Distance Meters 41 Angle Measuring 51Press ENTER to accept/confirm 4 Shift the Sprinter towards rod A, about 3 m away and make a reading to B again (this is not the order we did things above); 345 Method • AB is the chain line it is required to erect a perpendicular at C of the chain line Establish a pt D at 3 m distance 5m & 6m marks are brought to gather to form a loop The tape is stretched tight by fastening the end D and C The point D is established such that DE = 5 m and CE= 4 m and CD = 3 m and DE2 = CD2 DE2 • ie 5 2 = 3 2 4 2 = 25 thus Angle DCE

3 Aim at B and press MEAS (step 2/4) The measurement displays;Home Setting out 3 4 5 method Setting out 3 4 5 method admin No Comments Comments comments Tweet Pin It About The Author admin Visit Site Like Us on Facebook Basic Civil Engineering Search Preparing Bar schedule manualy Trusses and Types of trusses Type ofElectrical surveying • Resistivity method • Induced polarization method (IP) • Selfpotential (SP) method Higher frequency methods (electromagnetic surveys) • Electromagnetic induction methods • Ground penetrating radar (GPR)

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View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report Answer Option 2 Q9 Number of links per metre length of a chain are 1 2; Calculation of Areas in Surveying Simpson's Rule In one of my previous articles, I discussed Midpoint Ordinate Rule and Average Ordinate Rule in detail with an example and listed out various important methods used for the calculation of areas in Surveying In this article, we will deal with the next important method (rule) ieUsing the 345 method for squaring corners, and a framing square will help ensure your corners are square To create corners, we use the 345 rule derived from the Pythagorean theorem of basic geometry A 2 B 2 = C 2 This means the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the square of both legs

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The 345 method used to set out a right angle from a certain point on the base line;2) Surveying based on Type of Instruments a) Chain Surveying Chain surveying is the basic and oldest type of surveying The principle involved in chain survey is of triangulation The area to be surveyed is divided into a number of small triangles Angles of triangles must not be less than 30 degree and greater than 1 degree Equilateral triangles are considered to be ideal triangles NoHy guysIn this video we have explain you the 3 4 5 method of surveyingThis video clearly explains you how set up right angle by 3 4 5 method with the he

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Traverse Surveying is a popular method of surveying This article includes the definition of traverse surveying along with its classification, errors in traversing, checks, the completed method of traversing and plotting of traverse survey Definition Traversing is that type of survey in which a number of connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of theThe single prismatic square and the double prismatic square used to set out both right angles and perpendicular linesGeodetic or Trigonometrical Surveying;

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 1 Chain survey is the easiest and commonest method utilized in surveying exercises 2 The equipment utilized to conduct a chain survey is simple to utilize 3 The equipment utilized in the chain survey can easily be replaced 4 This method does not involve complicated mathematical computations 5 In a chain survey, a limited number ofPress ENTER to accept 1 345 method This method is used to set out a right angle from a certain point on the baseline To set out right angles in the field the;

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Direct Leveling It is the most commonly used method of leveling In this methodAs these instruments don't rely on the light being returned into the master instrument by a reflector, they may be used night or day in most weather conditions These instruments are capable of long ranges around 25 km and beyond, with typical accuracies of14 List 10 uses for surveying other than property and construction surveying Some items students may lists include" 1 Establishing control for use in other surveys 2 Mapping the surface of the Earth and other celestial objects with photogrammetry, laser scanning, or remote sensing 3 Mapping archeological artifacts ©12 Pearson Education, Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ All

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A Complete Treatise On Practical Land Surveying In Seven Parts Eas Trapezium Abdc 194 Trapezium D E F B Whole Area 16a 1r 38p 5 Draw A Plan Of A Field

3 Surveying manual Surveying is the science of determining the relative positions of objects or points on the earth's surface These points may be any physical thing a highway, culvert, ditch, storm drain inlet, or property corner Distances and directions determine the horizontal positions of these points The vertical positions are determined by differences inThe squaregrid method is particularly useful for surveying small land areas with little vegetation In large areas with high vegetation or forests, the method is not as easy or practical To use the method, you will lay out squares in the area you are surveying, and determine the elevation of each square corner 25 The size of the squares you lay out depends on the accuracy you need ForThis Pin was discovered by Shaun Discover (and save!) your own Pins on

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 345 method is commonly used for setting out the right angle by using the tape which gives pretty accurate right angle and is widely used in day to day practice Person 1 holds the zero mark & 12m mark of tape Person 2 holds the 3 meter mark of the tape Person 3 holds the 8 meter mark of the tapeOF TRIAL LINE PACE FACTOR DISTANCE PACES PACES 1 AB 74 2 BA 76 3 AB 75 4 BA 55m 73 7443 074 5 AB 76 6 BA 73 7 AB 74 Table 12 Measuring Distance by Pacing NUMBER OF PACED TAPED RELATIVE TRIAL LINE MEAN PACES DISTANCE DISTANCE PRECISION 1 BC 32 2 CB 29 3 BC 28 1 4 CB 29 2914 2156m 21m 38 5 BC 29 6 CB 28 7 BC 29 VI Discussion On the first part of35 336 WING POINT METHOD This is the preferred method for all projects because of the greater accuracy that can be obtained (Refer to Appendix Figure 6 for an example) Set the wing points near the midpoint of the project, approximately 2 km (1 mi) to 5 km (3 mi) left and right of the proposed centerline The maximum length of any

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 3,4,5 rule for Surveying If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device Full screen is unavailable Learn More Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations To avoid this, cancel and sign in to on your computer3 plane table surveying;If it's greater than 5 units, your corner angle is

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This will be adjustment reading 3/4 5 Aim at rod A and press MEAS (4/4) The measurement displays;Leveling is a branch of surveying in civil engineering to measure levels of different points with respect to a fixed point such as elevation of a building, height of one point from ground etc Types of Leveling in Surveying Direct leveling;The method generally preferred to for contouring an undulating area, is 1 compass surveying;

3 Measuring Horizontal Angles

3 Measuring Horizontal Angles

3 • A systematic method for gathering information from (a sample of) individuals for the purposes of describing the attributes of the larger population of which the individuals are members • The attributes attempt to describe basic characteristics or experiences of large and small populations in our world (Enanoria, 05) Features of a survey 4 • Information is gathered by askingThe rope method used to set out a line perpendicular to the base line, starting from a point which is not on the base line;500 SURVEYING PROCEDURES Page 501 Linear Measurement A General 511 B Taping 511 C Electronic Distance Measuring 514 D Stadia 517 502 Angles and Angular Measurement A General 521 B Procedure 523 C Errors, Correction and Precautions 527 503 Vertical Measurements A General 531 B Indirect Vertical Measurement 531 504 Control Monument

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 Setting out 3 4 5 method Setting out pole Finally, after the completion of setting out for the whole building, use a twine to connect the centre lines of all columnsThe length of the sides are measured andView Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report Answer Option 2 Q10

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Method of recording Differential Leveling Survey Notes Record rod readings, for single or threewire leveling operations using a compensatortype engineer's level, in digital form on a handheld programmable calculator, computer, or data collector Such calculators must produce a hard copy of all readings, reductions, and adjustments Hard copies of data collection, reduction, andMethod (a) In figure 3 below the point P is the location of a new control station that is to be established using a resection technique from the three established traverse stations or points of known coordinates, A,B and C should be visible from P as shown in figure 3 In the figure, A, B and C are knownfixed points, from which the distances AB and BC can be calculated The angle ϕ can 345 Method • AB is the chain line it is required to erect a perpendicular at C of the chain line Establish a pt D at 3 m distance 5m & 6m marks are brought to gather to form a loop The tape is stretched tight by fastening the end D and C The point D is established such that DE = 5 m and CE= 4 m and CD = 3 m and DE2 = CD2 DE2 • ie 5 2 = 3 2 4 2 = 25 thus Angle DCE

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Plane Surveying Plane surveying deals with small areas on the surface of the earth assuming the surface of the land to be plane So curvature of the earth is neglected Plane surveying can further be subdivided in the following ways Chain Surveying Area to be surveyed is divided into a number of triangles;Chain surveying is used for measuring only horizontal linear measurement The principle of chain triangulation / chain survey is to provide a3332 Heat Waves 33(5) 3333 Phase 33(5) 3334 Refraction 33(5)

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Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial or threedimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them A land surveying professional is called a land surveyorThese points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such24 Leveling staff 8 3 LEVELING PROCEDURES AND FIELD BOOKS 10 31 Collimation method 10 32 Rise and fall method 14 33 Which method to use 15 34 Accuracy of recording and closing errors 15 4 APPLICATIONS 16 41 Preparations 16 42 Working procedure for a (small) weir site 17 REFERENCES 24 ii

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